Lux Docs

Gasless Voting Overview

Enable gas-free voting for DAO members

Gasless Voting Overview

Gasless voting allows DAO members to participate in governance without paying transaction fees. This guide explains how gasless voting works and its benefits.

What is Gasless Voting?

Gasless voting uses account abstraction (EIP-4337) to sponsor gas fees for voters, removing the barrier of gas costs from governance participation.

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Traditional Voting vs Gasless Voting                         │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                              │
│  Traditional:                                                │
│  User → Pay Gas → Submit Vote → Blockchain                  │
│                                                              │
│  Gasless:                                                    │
│  User → Sign Vote → Paymaster Pays Gas → Blockchain         │
│                                                              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Key Benefits

BenefitDescription
Zero Gas CostVoters pay nothing to participate
Higher TurnoutRemove financial barrier to voting
Better UXSimple one-click voting
InclusiveEnable participation regardless of ETH balance
Mobile-FriendlyVote from any device without gas management

How It Works

EIP-4337 Account Abstraction

Gasless voting leverages EIP-4337, the account abstraction standard:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ EIP-4337 Architecture                                        │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                              │
│  ┌─────────┐    ┌───────────────┐    ┌─────────────────┐   │
│  │  User   │───►│  UserOperation │───►│   Bundler       │   │
│  │ Wallet  │    │  (signed vote) │    │                 │   │
│  └─────────┘    └───────────────┘    └────────┬────────┘   │
│                                               │             │
│                                               ▼             │
│  ┌─────────┐    ┌───────────────┐    ┌─────────────────┐   │
│  │  Vote   │◄───│  EntryPoint   │◄───│   Paymaster     │   │
│  │Recorded │    │  Contract     │    │   (pays gas)    │   │
│  └─────────┘    └───────────────┘    └─────────────────┘   │
│                                                              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Components

1. UserOperation

A signed message containing the vote:

UserOperation:
  sender: voter_address
  callData: castVote(proposalId, support)
  signature: voter_signature
  # Gas fields handled by paymaster

2. Bundler

Aggregates UserOperations and submits to blockchain:

  • Collects pending votes
  • Batches for efficiency
  • Submits to EntryPoint contract

3. Paymaster

Sponsors gas fees on behalf of voters:

Paymaster:
  type: VerifyingPaymaster
  sponsor: dao_treasury
  policy: allow_governance_votes
  limit: max_gas_per_vote

4. EntryPoint

EIP-4337 singleton contract that:

  • Validates UserOperations
  • Verifies paymaster approval
  • Executes vote transactions
  • Handles gas accounting

Gasless Voting Flow

Step-by-Step Process

1. User clicks "Vote" on proposal
   └── No wallet popup for gas

2. Wallet prompts for signature
   └── Signs the vote intention (free)

3. Signed UserOperation sent to Bundler
   └── Vote queued for processing

4. Bundler submits to EntryPoint
   └── Paymaster confirms sponsorship

5. EntryPoint executes vote
   └── Gas paid by Paymaster

6. Vote recorded on-chain
   └── User notified of success

User Experience

From the voter's perspective:

┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ Vote on Proposal #42                                         │
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
│                                                              │
│  Grant $50,000 to Research Committee                        │
│                                                              │
│  Your Voting Power: 10,000 veLUX                            │
│                                                              │
│  ┌────────────┐  ┌────────────┐  ┌────────────┐            │
│  │    FOR     │  │  AGAINST   │  │  ABSTAIN   │            │
│  └────────────┘  └────────────┘  └────────────┘            │
│                                                              │
│  ⚡ Gasless voting enabled                                  │
│  No ETH required to vote                                    │
│                                                              │
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘

Eligibility and Policies

Who Can Vote Gasless?

DAOs can configure eligibility:

gasless_policy:
  # Token-based eligibility
  min_voting_power: 100 veLUX

  # Membership-based
  require_membership: true
  membership_tiers: [member, contributor, lead]

  # Rate limiting
  votes_per_day: 10
  cooldown_between_votes: 1 minute

Supported Actions

Gasless transactions typically cover:

ActionGaslessNotes
Cast voteYesAll proposal types
DelegateYesOne-time setup
Change delegationYesLimited frequency
Create proposalNoPrevents spam
Execute proposalNoHigh gas cost

Security Considerations

Replay Protection

Each UserOperation includes:

  • Unique nonce per sender
  • Chain ID binding
  • Expiration timestamp
protection:
  nonce: auto_increment
  chainId: bound_to_chain
  validUntil: block_timestamp + 1_hour

Paymaster Verification

Paymaster validates before sponsoring:

function validatePaymasterUserOp(
    UserOperation calldata userOp,
    bytes32 userOpHash,
    uint256 maxCost
) external returns (bytes memory context, uint256 validationData) {
    // Verify sender is eligible voter
    require(isEligibleVoter(userOp.sender), "Not eligible");

    // Verify action is governance vote
    require(isGovernanceAction(userOp.callData), "Invalid action");

    // Check rate limits
    require(!rateLimited(userOp.sender), "Rate limited");

    // Check paymaster balance
    require(address(this).balance >= maxCost, "Insufficient funds");

    return (abi.encode(userOp.sender), 0);
}

Sybil Resistance

Prevent abuse through:

  • Token-gated access
  • Rate limiting
  • Minimum voting power requirements
  • Historical participation requirements

Cost Analysis

Gas Costs

Typical gas usage for voting:

ActionGas UnitsAt 30 gwei
Simple vote~100,000~$3.00
Delegate~80,000~$2.40
Vote + delegate~150,000~$4.50

Paymaster Economics

economics:
  # Per-vote cost
  avg_gas_per_vote: 100,000
  gas_price: 30 gwei
  cost_per_vote: ~0.003 ETH (~$9)

  # Monthly projections (1000 votes)
  monthly_votes: 1,000
  monthly_cost: ~3 ETH (~$9,000)

  # Treasury sustainability
  funding_source: protocol_fees
  fee_allocation: 5%

Gasless Voting Dashboard

settings

Setup Gasless

Configure gasless voting for your DAO

credit-card

Paymaster

Manage paymaster funding

x-circle

Disabling

Turn off gasless voting

zap

Using Gasless

Voter guide for gasless voting

Comparison with Other Approaches

Meta-Transactions

meta_transactions:
  pros:
    - Simpler implementation
    - Works with EOAs
  cons:
    - Requires relayer infrastructure
    - Custom per-contract implementation
    - Limited flexibility

Snapshot (Off-chain)

snapshot:
  pros:
    - Completely free
    - No blockchain interaction
  cons:
    - Votes not on-chain
    - Requires trusted execution
    - No automatic enforcement

EIP-4337 (Gasless Voting)

eip_4337:
  pros:
    - On-chain votes
    - Standardized approach
    - Flexible policies
    - Works with smart accounts
  cons:
    - Requires paymaster funding
    - More complex setup
    - Bundler dependency

Network Support

Gasless voting is available on:

NetworkEntryPointStatus
Ethereum0x5FF1...6197Active
Arbitrum0x5FF1...6197Active
Optimism0x5FF1...6197Active
Base0x5FF1...6197Active
Polygon0x5FF1...6197Active
Lux0x5FF1...6197Active

Getting Started

For DAO Admins

  1. Set up gasless voting
  2. Fund the paymaster
  3. Configure eligibility policies
  4. Test with a sample proposal

For Voters

  1. Learn how to vote gasless
  2. Connect your wallet
  3. Vote on proposals without gas
  4. Track your voting history

Governance Settings

Configure voting periods, thresholds, and governance parameters

Setting Up Gasless Voting

Configure gasless voting for your DAO

On this page

Gasless Voting OverviewWhat is Gasless Voting?Key BenefitsHow It WorksEIP-4337 Account AbstractionComponents1. UserOperation2. Bundler3. Paymaster4. EntryPointGasless Voting FlowStep-by-Step ProcessUser ExperienceEligibility and PoliciesWho Can Vote Gasless?Supported ActionsSecurity ConsiderationsReplay ProtectionPaymaster VerificationSybil ResistanceCost AnalysisGas CostsPaymaster EconomicsGasless Voting DashboardComparison with Other ApproachesMeta-TransactionsSnapshot (Off-chain)EIP-4337 (Gasless Voting)Network SupportGetting StartedFor DAO AdminsFor Voters